President Andry Rajoelina announced the demise of the long time former leader Didier Ratsiraka, who died Sunday morning aged 84.
Ratsiraka was in power from 1975 until 1991 and returned for another stint from 1997 to 2002.
When he first came to power, he practiced a form of Marxism and had close ties to North Korea’s Kim Il Sung, Cuba’s Fidel Castro and the Kremlin.
In January 2002, Ratsiraka’s rival, Antananarivo mayor and entrepreneur Marc Ravalomanana, sent his supporters into the streets claiming victory in the first round of presidential elections held in December 2001.
Ravalomanana refused to organise a second round of voting, while Ratsiraka declined to concede defeat, plunging the country into seven months of violence and chaos.
The impasse split the nation in two — with two capitals, two governments, and a divided army — until Ravalomanana was officially proclaimed president in April 2002 and sworn in on May 6, with Ratsiraka still disputing the result.
The following July, Ratsiraka fled into exile in France where he remained for 11 years, returning home in 2013.
In 2003, Ratsiraka was sentenced in absentia to hard labour, five years in jail for threatening state security and 10 years for embezzling public funds.