Less than a month after it was signed, the Central African Republic’s peace agreement was under strain on Monday after two militia groups abandoned the deal and a third said it was quitting a new government designed to be the keystone of the accord.
The Democratic Front of the Central African People (FPDC), one of 14 armed groups that inked the so-called Khartoum Agreement, announced it was walking away in protest at a newly formed government.
The FPDC “is resolved purely and simply to withdraw from the peace process,” it said in a statement sent to AFP.
The group, whose stronghold is in the northwest, protested that the new government formed on Sunday was “far from being inclusive”.
Another large militia, the Patriotic Movement for Central Africa (MPC), citing the same reason, said it considered the accord was “void.”
Just hours after the ministerial list was unveiled on Sunday, the Popular Front for the Renaissance of the Central African Republic (FPRC), said it was leaving the government.
The FPRC did not specify whether it planned to remain part of the peace process, but charged the authorities with “bad faith, amateurism and incompetence.”
The peace agreement was forged after negotiations in the Sudanese capital of Khartoum before being signed in Bangui on February 6.
The deal brings together President Faustin-Archange Touadera and the leaders of the 14 armed groups who control most of the CAR.
It is the eighth attempt to bring peace to the CAR, one of the world’s poorest and most unstable countries, since mainly Muslim rebels ousted president Francois Bozize, a Christian, in 2013.
France, the former colonial ruler, intervened militarily under a UN mandate as fears grew of a Rwandan-style genocide.
The Seleka were forced from power and in February 2016, Touadera, a former prime minister, was elected president.
Anger
Under peace accord’s provisions, Touadera agreed to form an “inclusive” government.
But in the team unveiled on Sunday, the ministers in sensitive key posts all kept their jobs, while six of the 14 armed groups obtained no post at all.
One of those left out, the Movement of Central African Freedom Fighters for Justice (MLCJ), a small group in the north of the country, warned the authorities “to look again” at the list.
The armed groups had also demanded that prime minister be chosen from their ranks.
But the job was handed to Firmin Ngrebada, Touadera’s former cabinet director.
“By playing at ‘Let’s take the same people and start over’, the president of the republic … has stifled all hope at birth,” the FPRC said.
The deal was prepared in 2017 by the African Union and has the support of Bangui’s partners, notably former colonial power France, along with a 12,000-strong UN stabilisation mission, MINUSCA.
But militia groups, often claiming to defend an ethnicity or religious group, still hold sway over four-fifths of the country.
Fighting, typically for control of natural resources, has left thousands dead and forced a quarter of the population of 4.5 million from their homes.
Other provisions in the agreement include the launch of a “Truth, Justice, Reparation and Reconciliation Commission” within 90 days and the start of joint patrols by militia members and the security forces.
The agreement does not spell out any amnesty for militia leaders — something that had been a stumbling block in past agreements. However, the president may exercise a “discretionary right to issue pardons”.