West Africa has recently witnessed a disconcerting surge in coups d’état, undermining the region’s stability and progress toward democracy. These political upheavals have raised concerns not only within the affected countries but also among regional and international bodies. In response to these challenges, the new chairman of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) has put forth a plan to address the root causes of West African coups and restore stability to the region.
Over the past year, there has been a troubling rise in West African coups, which have shaken the foundations of governance in the region. Mali, Guinea, and most recently, Niger, have all experienced military takeovers, leading to the suspension of constitutional order, the dissolution of institutions, and political uncertainty. These events have eroded the progress made toward democratic governance, human rights, and socioeconomic development.
The Surge in West African Coups
A military coup took place in Mali on August 18, 2020, leading to the ousting of President Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta.
The coup was led by a group of military officers known as the National Committee for the Salvation of the People (CNSP), headed by Colonel Assimi Goïta.
Public protests prior to the coup were sparked by discontent with how the government was handling a number of issues, such as corruption, unstable economic conditions, and an ongoing Islamist insurgency.
President Keïta and other top government officials were detained, and the coup leaders declared the establishment of a transitional government.
International bodies, including the United Nations and the African Union, condemned the coup and called for a swift return to constitutional order.
Negotiations between the CNSP and the regional bloc ECOWAS led to the formation of a transitional government and the appointment of a civilian, Bah N’Daw, as interim president.
The transition is ongoing, with efforts being made to address the country’s challenges and prepare for elections.
A coup attempt against President Mahamadou Issoufou’s administration in Niger occurred on February 18, 2021, but it was thwarted.
Two days prior to President Issoufou’s scheduled transfer of power to Mohamed Bazoum, his chosen successor, there was a coup attempt.
A squad of soldiers, including some from the presidential guard, were in charge of the attack.
The coup plotters were apprehended by security forces after a prompt response.
Concerns about the nation’s transition to democracy were raised by the incident, which briefly caused political instability.
The transition of power from President Issoufou to President Bazoum happened as expected, and the new administration carried out its mission.
The coup attempt was denounced by regional and international actors, who stressed the significance of upholding democratic and constitutional processes.
Guinea experienced a military coup on September 5, 2021, that resulted in the removal of President Alpha Condé.
A group of Special Forces soldiers under the command of Colonel Mamady Doumbouya led the coup.
Following a constitutional amendment, President Condé’s controversial decision to run for a third term in office sparked controversy and resulted in demonstrations and a crackdown by security forces.
The coup leaders declared the dissolution of the government and constitution, citing the need for political and socioeconomic reforms.
President Condé was detained, and the coup leaders established the National Committee for Reconciliation and Development (CNRD) to govern the country during the transition period.
The coup was met with mixed reactions, with some Guineans celebrating the removal of Condé while others expressed concerns about the return to military rule.
Regional and international bodies, including ECOWAS and the African Union, condemned the coup and called for a return to constitutional order.
Efforts are underway to form a transitional government, engage in dialogue, and prepare for democratic elections in Guinea.
Tinubu’s Commitment to Democracy in Sub-regions
Nigeria’s President, Bola Ahmed Tinubu, emerged as the Chair of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) at the recently concluded 63rd Ordinary Session of the Authority of Heads of State and Government of ECOWAS held in Bissau, Guinea-Bissau on Sunday.
Speaking at the meeting, Tinubu emphasised the need to protect democratic culture in the sub-region, saying: “We will take democracy seriously. Democracy is very tough, but it is the best form of government.”
As chairman, Tinubu has promised to play a crucial role in leading ECOWAS member states toward economic development, political stability, and cooperation.
In order to put initiatives intended to support economic growth, regional trade integration, and social development into action, Bola Ahmed also pledges to work closely with member states, regional institutions, and international partners.